В статье автор рассматривает один из аспектов издательской деятельности чешского типографа XVI в. Даниэля Адама Велеславина, в частности издание трудов лексикографического характера, анализирует данную продукцию, выявляет роль изданий в культурной жизни Чехии XVI в.
Статья посвящена длительному терминологическому спору о временных рамках галантной эпохи и правомерности использования термина «галантный» по отношению к XVII в. Спор представляется необычайно важным, поскольку термин ведет за собой эстетику, определяющую развитие искусства. Проблемой для данного вопроса является терминологическая неточность, перетекание или подмена понятий исторических, или эндогенных более поздними или экзогенными.
В истории Второй мировой войны значимое место занимает вопрос потенций, вытекавших из обладания Великобританией позицией в Гибралтаре. Несомненная важность проблемы в контексте общего хода войны и сложных политических маневров правительства франкистской Испании в отношении Англо-Американского альянса и «Оси» оправдывает имеющееся исследовательское внимание к теме. При этом зачастую стратегии
Целью настоящей статьи является анализ деятельности администрации президента Эйзенхауэра по формированию общенационального консенсуса в отношении проводимой политики холодной войны. Особая роль в этом процессе отводилась теории «народного капитализма».
В статье анализируются причины уникальности так называемого «экономического чуда» 1955–1973 гг. в Японии и раскрывается сущность этого явления. Приводятся институциональный и структурный (на основе материалов о роли Министерства промышленности и торговли в структурной перестройке экономики Японии) подходы к пониманию японского «экономического чуда». Показаны изменения, произошедшие в жизни Японии и японцев. Проанализированы некоторые отечественные и зарубежные оценки японских экономических преобразований того времени.
The article deals with some aspects of making a figure of a Norwegian ruler Olaf Haraldsson a saint martyr. Scaldic poetry of the 11th century was taken as a basis for research. The works written after the death of saint Olaf at the battle of Stiklestad are of great interest. Due to the peculiarities of scaldic poetry one can assume that Olaf’s cult and consequently formation of his image started in 1031–1035. However these works are important not just as a proof of hagiographical tradition, but legitimization of royal power in Norway as well.
The article analyzes the process of rivalry between two largest cities in Greater Poland, Gniezno and Poznan in the XIII century. During the Middle Ages both cities were the key centers of development of the Greater Poland region. Until the XIII century, there are some reasons to talk about the leading position of Gniezno. However, as a result of a number of factors that paradoxically contributed to the strengthening of Gniezno, in the XIII century Poznan comes to the fore.
Some aspects of London`s criminality at the beginning of the XIV century are considered in this article based on the authentic material. The author reveals the factors which contributed to manifestation of crime as some kind of deviant behavior and presents classification of London`s crimes in 1305; the author also identifies social and professional composition of criminals and the types of punishments.
The article is devoted to the processes of interaction of regular Masonic Lodges and state institutions in the Modern History. The author emphasizes that the most active cooperation of power and Masonry developed at the turn of the 18th and the 19th centuries. Based on reading authentic sources and literature the author draws a conclusion about initial ab- sence of contradictions between the masons and the state.
The Great reform Act (election law) of 1832 was one of the most significant internal political events in the United Kingdom of the 19th century. It initiated the group of serious transformations of the parliamentary system of the State. The article is based on the analysis of documentary sources (press and parliamentary debate). It shows the influence of British public opinion and the press on the process of the adoption of the parliamentary reform in 1830–1832. The struggle for reform showed the extreme polarization of political forces in the UK.
After ending of WWI the question about the position of national minorities in Europe became especially acute because of serious changes of the states’ borders. The article analyzes the problem of German minority in German-Yugoslavian relations of 1920–1933. Status of German population, its role in economical, political and cultural life SCS Kingdom (Yugoslavia) is examined. Special attention is devoted to defining Berlin’s and Belgrade’s positions about this problem and connection of these positions with strategic goals of the states.
Traditional views on the role of the army and difficult situation in the country in the 1920s and early 1930s largely contributed to stagnation of the British army. As a result, land forces did not meet the requirements of modern warfare. In response to changes in the European context, the Army General Staff developed a plan for “limited modernization,” but military issues remained in the shadow of Air Force and Navy.
The article gives a detailed analysis of cosmological visions of Cosmas Indicopleustes, as reflected in his work «The Christian topography». In the context of the analysis of a new view of the world of Cosmas Indicopleustes the article reviews his visions about the shape of the Universe and the nature of flora and fauna of the countries that he had visited before he became a priest. The academic analysis of this article is based on the interpretation of «The Christian topography» that was carried over and also on the works of national and international researchers of the issue.
The article discusses the causes of the spread of the Magdeburg city law in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the 12th-18th centuries. It is concluded that at different stages of the historical development of some countries and regions different factors which were determined by the peculiarities of their socio-economic and political systems were operating.
The article is an attempt to analyze the English type of Enlightenment, using the historical views of H. Walpole, an 18th century English intellectual. Horace Walpole was a typical dilettante with wide interests. His views on history and historians, as well as his own historical works demonstrate many peculiarities of the “enlightenmental” approach to history.
The author explores the problem of interaction between Napoleon and King Joseph in Spain on the basis of a wide range of published and unpublished sources such as memoirs, correspondence, reports. The article shows that Napoleon’s plan, whose goal was joining Spain to the Federal system was influenced by the growth of people’s movement that England helped and disappointment in the political course of the Spanish king. The studied sources allow to conclude that a clear division of brothers’ approaches on the line: reform and force is incorrect.
In the history of Eastern Europe during the Second World War the problem of German Minorities was of special importance, meanwhile the ideas of revisionism and irredentism were popular among them in the interwar years. In order to understand the nature of these phenomena this article presents an analysis of the claims of the Germans to the conditions of their life in the interwar Eastern Europe.
This article reveals the peculiarities of presenting the history of creation of the Order of the Brothers of the Sword in the oldest relic of Teutonic literary tradition – the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle. The article describes historical-political conditions prevailing in the early stages of peasant’s conquest of the South-East Baltics, mutual relations between the sword bearers and Livonian bishops.
The article is devoted to the study of the social aspect of the life of Tudor London. On the material of the wills the author shows that the majority of the testators are artisans, small traders and merchants of the «Twelve Great Livery Companies» of London. Also, there are representatives of the service sector, gentry and the emerging intelligentsia. Among the recipients of the inheritance numerous church institutions of the city are mentioned. Some wills belong to women: wives or widows of merchants and artisans.
In the article the question of position of English country towns in the sphere of economy and social relations is considered. Based on materials of the documents of York processes which occurred in trade and city craft, occurrence of new modes of production and attempt of the city authorities to keep medieval privileges are traced.