The article analyzes the position of the cities of Greater Poland till the middle of XII century. The author notes the specificity and the complexity in the study of this period. According to the author, the fate of the Archbishop’s Department played the significant role in the development of the Greater Poland cities. The article shows the development of the cities of Greater Poland since their decline in the middle of the XI century till the gradual revival in the XII century.
Geoffrey Chaucer is a representative of an early English humanistic literature, who in his «The Canterbury tales» managed to show the whole panorama of social life in England of the XIV century. His short stories reflect the epochal change, the formation of new values and a new elite. Chaucer notes the degradation of the secular and spiritual aristocracy, welcomes the enrichment and strengthening of the third estate, connects it with the future of their country, admires workers-peasants that preserved the moral purity of the «corrupt age» of the poet.
Работа посвящена англо-шотландскому пограничью в 1525–1527 гг. На примере политики по отношению к жителям Тайндейла и Риддесдейла рассмотрены мероприятия короны в пограничных землях в этот период. По мнению автора, радикальных изменений в указанной области не произошло. Основным способом умиротворения горцев оставались строгое наказание за преступления, карательные походы, взятие заложников, требование от
В статье рассматриваются проблемы французской политической мысли в XVI в. и особенности интерпретации проблемы сословий и сословного представительства. Автор анализирует значение проблемы сословного представительства в формировании идеи народного суверенитета и идейную борьбу между тираноборцами и легитимистами, как и проблему эволюции констуционалистских идей.
Статья посвящена изучению трансформации политической элиты Канады в связи со вступлением в силу Конституционного акта 1791 г., а также формированию системы управления новообразованной колонии Верхняя Канада. Особое внимание уделяется роли этнического фактора в данном процессе, положению представителей англо‑ и франкоканадской общины в новой политической системе, а также влиянию этнического фактора на ранний период политической истории Верхней Канады. Основная цель автора – дополнить существующие в исторической науке представления о причинах возникновения франкоканадского национализма.
В статье анализируется размежевание ирландского национализма в годы Первой мировой войны. Показан процесс радикализации и милитаризации политического климата Ирландии под влиянием войны и вопроса о самоуправлении. Автор обращается к анализу причин, приведших революционное направление ирландского национализма к лидерству и способствовавших получению им массовой поддержки населения. Ключевыми событиями стали Ирландский кризис 1912–1914 гг., Пасхальное восстание и влияние идей партии Шинн Фейн.
Статья посвящена актуальным вопросам масонского движения XX столетия. В центре внимания автора –пропагандистский феномен «Протоколов сионских мудрецов», рассматриваемый в контексте попыток национальной (в России) и глобальной дискредитации структур «вольных каменщиков».
В статье анализируется влияние аналитических центров на формирование политики США в странах третьего мира в начале 1960-х годов. Раскрывается роль аналитических центров как связующих звеньев между экспертным знанием и политической властью. Особое внимание уделено причинам роста влияния аналитических центров в связи с принадлежностью многих членов администрации президента Кеннеди к Совету по международным отношениям и приходу в Пентагон аналитиков из корпорации РЭНД.
Статья посвящена изучению процесса формирования политики помощи слаборазвитым странам администрации Дж. Ф. Кеннеди в контексте политико-идеологического противостояния двух подходов – «помощи развитию» и «взаимной безопасности». Особое внимание уделено исследованию первых речей и выступлений президента Кеннеди, которые обозначили поворот его администрации в сторону радикально-прогрессистской модели развития азиатских стран.
The article deals with the issue concerning the destruction of famous commercial city Ugarit in northern Syria (earthquake, enemy invasion). Based on the Akkadian letter RS 94.169 from Urtenu archives, the author joins the opinion that Ugarit was devastated by the Sea Peoples. In his view, this letter was written by the last king of Ugarit Ammurapi to the Pharaoh Ramses III to ask for military aid but not to the king of Carkemish, as the publishers of RS 94.169 believed. A sudden attack of the Sea Peoples prevented to send the letter to addressee.
The article considers history of lead in the use of antique shipbuilding. The author shows that extension of trade routes in the 6th-5th centuries BC required the creation of a new type of merchant ship that could stay at sea longer and carry more cargo. Trying to solve the problem of creating such a ship, ancient shipbuilders faced a number of technical problems. Among these problems was the protection of the underwater hull from pests. In addition, it was required to pick up material for a number of auxiliary parts and mechanisms – anchors, balancers, pipes, etc.
The article deals with the recommendations of Luigi Cornaro on how to live a long and happy life. The focus of the author’s attention is the treatise of Luigi Cornaro, which has repeatedly become the object of study of researchers. Considering the provisions of the treatise by Luigi Cornaro, the author concludes that his recommendations reflect the ideas of ancient and medieval authors to promote moderate nutrition, healthy lifestyles as factors of human longevity. In addition, the ideas of Luigi Cornaro largely anticipated the position of modern gerontology and dietetics.
The article is devoted to London crimes in late Medieval period. Various factors that influenced the manifestation of criminal inclinations among citizens are considered. From all of the crimes committed in London the author divided them into categories. The author pays special attention to the most socially dangerous and serious crimes: treason, rebellion and heresy.
The paper deals with one of the important aspects of the Bodin’s political theory, the question of the environmental influence on the peculiarities of the development of peoples and the nature of nation-building. The author analyzes this problem in the context of general trends in the development of political thought of the epoch and the dispute about the problem of ethnic identity, emphasizing the practical orientation of Bodin’s views.
The “cultural turn” in socio-humanitarian knowledge led to an intensive analysis of collective representations, including ideas about the past, and at the border of the 20th and 21st centuries the “memorial turn” emphasized the need of the discussions about such analytical category as an event, which acquired a special epistemological status. In “memorial studies”, the principal cognitive attitude is to take into account the socio-historical context and its spatio-temporal dynamics, the probabilistic nature of events and the subjectivity of the actors.
The manuscript of Henry VII’s “The Book of Astrology” of the British Library (Arundel MS. 66), in which astronomical treatises and political prophecies are accompanied by numerous illustrations, reflecting various symbols of the royal power of the new dynasty in England, is considered in the article as an imagographic historical source.
The article on the material of wills examines the social side of the life of Londoners in the era of the late Plantagenets. The author finds out that the majority of testaments refers to a professional community: to merchants and mongers, to artisans and workers in the service sector, as well as to the nascent intelligentsia and administrative apparatus. These categories are disproportionate – the majority of testators belong to the merchants and craftsmen of the townspeople.
In this article an attempt to correlate the ideas of Geoffrey Chaucer’s «Canterbury Tales» with data of historical sources of the considered period is made. The documents give the basis to draw a conclusion, that characters and the plots presented on the pages of «Canterbury Tales» reflect reality contemporary to English writers, and Geoffrey Chaucer by right is possible to be considered as one of the first writers-realists.
The article is devoted to the relevant topic connected with the coverage of the policy of Imperial Russia in its marginal South-Eastern territories. The author introduces new documents from the archive of foreign policy of the Russian Empire and the National archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. The paper analyzes external and internal factors, special historical conditions and prerequisites for relations between the Kalmyk khanate and the countries of Central Asia. The relations of the Kalmyk khanate with its neighbors in the East, mainly with the Chinese, are traced in detail.
The article is devoted to the events in the Middle East of the middle of the 20th century and their reflection on the pages of the Turkish opposition magazine Akis. The author pays special attention to the discussion and assessments of Turkey’s interference in the regional conflict, shows the evolution of the magazine’s position in relation to the Suez events, Egypt and its leader, G. A. Nasser. The article shows that the analysis of the ups and downs of Turkey’s policy will help to understand the origins, causes and ways to get out of the acute Middle East confrontation.