This article deals with the first stages of formation of German colonies on the Volga river in the second half of the 18th – the first half of the 19th centuries. The colonization policy of the government consisted of the whole system of well-thought means and decrees that tended to spread on all sides of internal life of colonists. After the first hard years of emerging German colonies and up to the middle of the 19th century thanks to undivided supervision of economic development of the region it became possible to solve the problem of colonization of the region.