Krasnova Irina A. RussiaStavropolNorth-Caucasus Federal University, 1 Puskina St., Stavropol 355017, RussiaProfessor at the Department of Foreign History, Political Studies and International RelationsDoctor of Historygorward_@mail.ruhttps://www.ncfu.ru/for-employee/list-of-employees/employee/25cd7ea2-1e28-11e9-bd69-0050568c7ce8/ Author's articles Citizen and Florentine commune: two polar positions in historiography in the first of a half of the xv century Гвельфизм как основа коммунальной идентичности (на примере Флоренции XIV–XV веков)