После решений февральско‑мартовского пленума ЦК КПСС 1954 г. началась кампания по освоению целинных и залежных земель в восточных районах Советского Союза. Молодежь Центральной России приняла активное участие в организации новой сельскохозяйственной инфраструктуры на целине. В статье определено общее количество юношей и девушек Ивановской, Костромской, Ярославской областей, принявших участие в организации целинной инфраструктуры, и количество совхозов, основанных и укомплектованных молодежью Центральной России на территории Казахской ССР. Приводятся описания жилищнобытовых условий рабочих.
Статья посвящена золотоордынскому городу Укеку и археологическим объектам Увекского городища. Укек, основанный монголами, был одноименным административно-политическим, экономическим, торговым и культурным улусным центром. Городище находится на берегу Волги в поселке Увек г. Саратова
В статье рассмотрены неизвестные страницы истории левобережного Саратова в 1650–1674 гг. Особое внимание уделено рыболовному промыслу, которым здесь занимались как местные жители, так и иногородние откупщики, а также Дворцовое ведомство и некоторые монастыри. Впервые представлен список откупщиков, в том числе саратовских служилых и посадских людей. Показано, какие новшества наблюдаются в данный период в
рыболовном промысле и торговле в окрестностях города.
Исследуется культурно-просветительская деятельность поволжских кооперативных организаций и ее влияние на повышение самодеятельности российского крестьянства в начале XX века. Наибольшее внимание в статье уделяется созданию народных домов, кооперативной пропаганде и агитации, борьбе с пьянством, развитию народного образования, кооперативной печати, организации библиотечного дела.
Данная статья продолжает биографическую зарисовку саратовского периода жизни и деятельности выдающегося ученого и видного представителя земско-либерального движения России Александра Александровича Корнилова. Во второй части «Саратовского дневника» автор исследует драматические перипетии в судьбе Корнилова, связанные с его арестом. Наряду с этим анализируются его общественно-политическая деятельность и научно-публицистические работы по проблемам земского движения.
Главное внимание в работе уделено изучению архивных и иных документальных источников, связанных с направлениями и спецификой реализации столыпинской аграрной реформы в Саратовской губернии. Анализ источников позволил изучить совокупность объективных факторов, а также экономических, социальных, этнических, демографических и иных особенностей развития саратовской деревни накануне аграрной реформы начала XX в.
The article considers some unknown facts about left-bank Saratov in 1650–1674. Special attention is paid to the local population. A list of famous leaders of town community and minor officials is presented for the first time. A graduate development of town community, its increasing role for Saratov is shown.
The article discusses the problem of religious freedom, followers of religious sects of Baptists, and Adventists Stundists in the legislation of the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th century - the early 20th century. The article focuses on the analysis of the legal provisions of these religious movements. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the legalization of religious organizations of Protestant direction, the followers of these sects continued to limit rights. They were extremely oppressed by the government during the World War I.
Saratov province was one of more than 30 provinces in Russia, where since 1915 – early 1916 till 1923 there have been thousands of refugees from Belarus. Materials of the state archives of Saratov region helped to get a clear understanding about the scope, peculiarities and terms of assistance to refugees. Special attention is drawn to relationships between the local population and forced migrants. The author comes to the conclusion that this chapter of global war has become the hardest and the most tragic challenge for forced migrants, the local population and the authorities as well.
The condition of forest Fund of the Saratov province in the years of new economic policy on the basis of archival materials is investigated in the article. Some data on the area of the woods of the province and degree of cover of the population with forest materials are provided. The article examines the fight against fires and pests of the forest. The problem of illegal cuts has been studied in detail. The reasons that caused massive forest theft by the local population are analyzed.
In the article the activity of health care institutions in the sphere of specialized types of medical assistance in relation to rural labor resources is analyzed. The problems and contradictions associated with the implementation of measures taken by the state and party leadership in this direction are identified. The research carried out made it possible to introduce into scientific circulation new data that had previously remained beyond the scope of scientific research, to draw the generalizing conclusions, to reflect original author’s vision of the touched issues.
The article considers some unknown pages of the history of left bank Saratov in 1650–1674. Special attention is paid to using the direct road along the land from Saratov to Moscow to deliver different goods and for other purposes. A list of foreign visitors that ventured to go this way from Saratov to Moscow is presented for the first time. The role of constructing Simbirsk fort and the grounds of building Penza for this land route are emphasized. The interest of Board of secret affairs and the Tsar Aleksey Mihailovich himself is shown.
One of the less widespread variants of peasant households were single households. The economic, legal and cultural norms of the traditional agrarian society contradicted the emergence of structures of this type. However, they were constantly present in different regions of the country in different time periods. The aim of the work is to study peasant single households of the Saratov province of the late XIX century. In this connection the primary materials of the zemstvo household censuses of the 1880–1890s will be investigated.
The author analyzes a short Saratov period of the course of life of a well-known German social democrat Ernst Reuter. According to the directive of the RSFSR Council of Peoples Commissars Chairman V. I. Lenin and Peoples Commissar on Nationalities J. V Stalin a German war prisoner and communist Ernst Reuter was sent to Saratov Volga Region in April 1918 where he became the leader of the Volga Region Commissariat on the Germans. He was in charge of establishing the Soviet power in German colonies and participated in the creation of the Autonomous Region of the Volga Germans.
The article, based on the archival materials, reveals previously unknown facts about the former landowners’ manors of Saratov and Tsaritsyn provinces in 1917–1924. The Soviet government’s policy, in which the lands of the former landowners were transformed into the Soviet model farms – sovkhozes is analyzed. The true state of these agrarian structures is shown, as well as reduction of acreage and livestock population is noted. The article draws conclusions concerning low profitability and a significant decline of labour productivity in the former landowners’ estates.
On the basis of new archive documents the question of social security of the population in Dagestan in the first time of Soviet government is considered. The social security system in the beginning of its work experienced problems related to the scope of the workers. One of the features of development of social security in 1930s was its excessive state participation or paternalization. The budget of the social security was consolidated into the state budget. Insurance of people engaged in farmer’s sector has a big political importance.
Based on the analysis of the statistics on the alteration of the administrativeterritorial division of Saratov region, the historical process of municipalities enlargement and the change of number of rural and urban settlements is being examined and compared. The examination of rural resettlement is relevant in connection with the reorganization of the system of local government in the Russian Federation. Particular attention is being paid to detection of historical regularities that influenced the alteration and ways of transformation of the rural settlement structure in 2013–2018.
The article examines the process of changing the state policy in the sphere of control over the activities of public associations. Until the early twentieth century the policy of prohibition of all nonstate entities was carried out in the state. The situation began to change during the first Russian revolution, when Russian society receives a set of civil rights and freedoms. The analysis of the legal framework regulating the creation and activities of the first non-governmental organizations is given.
The given article considers problems related to the lack of working hands in agricultural sector of Saratov province during World War I. The author concludes that general mobilization most of all effected landlords’ farms of the province. One of the ways to solve the problem of workforce shortage was the wide-spread use of prisoners of war and refugees. Specific emphasis in the article is directed at the activities of Saratov zemstvo, particularly, the experience of the distribution of the limited contingent of prisoners of war in individual households is analyzed.
This publication is a study at the regional level of the problems of development of handicraft industry in the years of NEP. On the materials of history of the Saratov province the nature and features of private and handicraft industry are investigated, the sources and factors of its evolution are analyzed. The author on the basis of archival materials reveals the variety of economic structures and their known continuity with the pre-revolutionary economy of the region.